What is Cardiology
Cardiology is a specialized field of internal medicine
dealing with cardiovascular disorders, that is, disorders related to the heart
and blood vessels. This medical subspecialty covers the diagnosis and
treatments of various heart diseases. The word cardiology was derived from a
Greek work “kardia,” meaning “heart” or the “inner self.”
There are mainly four subspecialties in cardiology -
interventional cardiology, electrophysiology, nuclear cardiology, and
echocardiography. Interventional cardiology deals with the mechanical
treatment of various heart diseases. Interventional cardiology employs a
number of procedures like angioplasty, maze procedure, and radiofrequent
ablation. Electrophysiology is the study of the electrical system of the
heart. Nuclear cardiology is related with the pumping performance of the
heart. This utilizes imaging technique to measure the amount of blood flowing
through the various regions of heart muscles. In echocardiography,
transesophageal echo procedures and echocardiogram are evaluated.
Other sub-specialization areas in cardiology include
cardiovascular anatomy, cardiovascular physiology, cardiovascular metabolism,
molecular biology of the cardiovascular system, cardiovascular pathology, and
cardiac catheterization.
Many sophisticated medical devices are used in cardiology. To
maintain the normal electrical rhythm of the heart, devices like pacemaker and
defibrillator are used. Artificial heart, intra-aortic balloon pump,
ventricular assist device, and heart-lung machine are some of the cardiology
devices used to regulate blood pressure. Several medication options are also
available. Antiarrhythmic agents, ACE inhibitors, Calcium channel blocker, and
angiotensin receptor blockers are some of the popular medications prescribed
in cardiology.
Physicians specialized
in this field are called cardiologists. These physicians should hold a
board-certification from the Board of Internal Medicine that is recognized by
American Board of Medical Specialties. Cardiologists are proficient in
evaluating coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease,
pulmonary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular trauma, and
cardiomyopathy. They can also manage patients with chronic arrhythmias,
myocardial infarction, and ischemic syndromes.
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